This page is designed to be used in connection with the "Real 'Game' of Thrones" book. The information does not stand on its own. Here are references, statistics and calculations supporting the material in this book.
Maths
How we Know that the Majority Are Jewish
Total number of Jews + gentiles who fall away at the end of the millennium = number of sand at sea shore:
Rev 20:7 When the thousand years are over, Satan will be released from his prison Rev 20:8 and will go out to deceive the nations in the four corners of the earth—Gog and Magog—to gather them for battle. In number they are like the sand on the seashore.
Since final number of Jews = number of grains of sand at the sea shore and this same number fall away does it mean that all the jews fall away and none are saved at the end of the millennium?
No. since there are also gentiles in the millennium and this number of people who falls away includes Gentile as well.
Number of Gentiles who fall away must be the same as the number of Jews who stay faithful for numbers to be equal. From this we can calculate how many gentiles live in the millennium compared to the number of Jews.
f= decimal fraction of number of people who live in millennium who fall away at end assuming similar for Jew and Gentile
Number of Jews saved = number of Gentiles that rebel
(not inc those who die during mill)
J = total Number of Jews
G= total number of Gentiles
Total number of Jews who fall away= J*f
Total number of Gentiles who fall away = G*f
J= number of sand at sea shore (Promise given to Abraham 14 times in bible)
Therefore:
Total number of those who fall away = total number of Jews
f*J+f*G=J
f*G=J-f*J
f*G=J(1-f)
G=J(1-f)/f
f= fraction fall away => 1-f = fraction that stand firm / are saved
=> G=J*ratio of numbers who are saved to number who are lost
I.e. G :J is the same as the ration of saved to lost
Rom 9:27 Isaiah cries out concerning Israel: "Though the number of the Israelites be like the sand by the sea, only the remnant will be saved.
Remnant = 10% or 15% ? (perhaps God also tithes on souls + offering?)
- Lost is 85-90%
If saved = approx 10% (remnant means : a small part, a small surviving group Merriam-Webster dictionary)
Then the ratio Gentiles in Millennium to Jews =1/10
- Gentiles = 1/10 number of Jews.
(J is 10,000 BB then G = approximately 1,000 BB)
From this we can see that the Millennium is predominantly (85-90%) Jewish from the bible.
Also note that this is the ratio of Jews to the total of all other nations. Since there are about 200 nations today, assuming most have at least some survivors, then the Jewish nation will be 200*10 =2000 times bigger on average compared to the other nations! That’s like comparing the UK to a population 4 times smaller than the Isle of Wight!
However, at the start of the millennium if 1% of each nation (as rare as gold and very few see chapter 2) survive the wrath of God, then the Gentile survivors = 70 million and Jewish survivors 144,000. And how many children will survive through being raptured? (see book part 2) do they live in the millennium?
Therefore, the number of Gentiles at the start of the millennium would be about 500+ times as many as the number of Jews. (70 million compared to 0.144 million)
So would not that mean that the final number of Gentiles would be much greater than the number of Jews?
No.
Isa 61:7 Instead of their shame my people will receive a double portion, and instead of disgrace they will rejoice in their inheritance; and so they will inherit a double portion in their land, and everlasting joy will be theirs.
2 verses later:
Isa 61:9 Their descendants will be known among the nations and their offspring among the peoples. All who see them will acknowledge that they are a people the LORD has blessed."
Although this is a Messianic passage of the first coming it also includes the ‘day of vengence’ or the second coming. It is certainly not true in this age that the nations love or acknowledge Israel! It seems to be the exact opposite at this time.’
So the ‘double portion’ promise fulfilled in the millennium could be around double the number of children that the Jews have with the promise of Abraham compared to the Gentile survivors. Consequently, if Jews have an average of 10 children and the Gentiles have an average of half this: around 5 children
- We don’t know exactly how many years in a generation (estimate between 25 and 40)
- We don’t know exactly how many gentiles survive (Jews with special seal is 1% so less than this)
- We don’t know if the raptured children are allowed to live again in the millennium
If there are 1000,000,000 Gentile raptured children (+ a relatively small number of adult survivors) and they marry in the millennium and have 6.25 children each (just over half the number the Jews have) then their final population would be 1*10^21 about one tenth as many as the number of Jews / number of sand / stars. (1E21 cp 1E22)
{Calculating the last 2 generations:
=10^9* [(6.25 /2 ) ^ 24+(6.25/2)^23]=1E21 approx}
Survivors children gens 2nd to last gen
Again, the numbers used are a slight speculation however it is easy to see that with almost half the children the gentiles without the promise of Abraham although begin with a much greater population end up only a small fraction, for example a tenth of the number of the Jews as the bible predicts.
The Calculation of the Number of Stars from the Hubble
To do this Nasa wanted to estimate the total number of galaxies in the universe and multiply this by the average number of stars per galaxy. They could not count but only estimate these numbers. To estimate the number of galaxies they would choose a patch of the sky which they ‘hoped’ was typical, and assume that every part of the sky was as densely packed with galaxies as that patch. Yes a very approximate guess , in no way fully accurage only suitable for estimating a rough order of magnitude hence we will follow their calculations to only one significant figure.
Hubble Space Telescope
The Nasa scientists focused the Hubble telescope on a seemingly blank, dark patch or the sky. It was tiny equivalent to about a grain of rice held at arms length. They had not seen any stars or galaxies in this dark patch with conventional telescopes. They focused in on this patch for many days to collect any light that was there but so far and distant that up till that time no one had observed anything. They did this experiment a few times including for the deep field image and also for the Ultra Deep Field image. The sizes of the patches were as follows:
Deep field Patch 0.042 degrees (2.6 arc minutes) =0.04 (1s.f.)
Ultra deep field Patch 0.04 degrees (2.4 arc minutes)
There are 60 arc minutes in a degree.
Total number of patches = 360/0.04*180/0.04
= 40,000,000 patches (1s.f.)
Number of galaxies in deep field = 2000, they have repeated the experiment many times and with different lens.
See STScI-01EVTASWGRE4CDDRN97ZYHKA8P.jpg
= 2000* 40 million
= 80 billion Galaxies
=10^11 to the nearest power of 10
(80 is closer to 100 than it is to 10)
However, in the Ultra Deep Field there were 10,000 galaxies, averaging 6000 from the 2 results *40 million patches = 2*10^11.
* 100 billion stars in an average galaxies = 2*10^22
= 10^22 (to the nearest power of 10)
From James Webb Telescope results
45,000 Galaxies counted in image 6 arc minutes by 6 arc minutes cp 2.5 arc minutes above for Hubble
6^2=36 : 2.5^2 =6.25 36/6.25=5.8 2sf => James Webb image is 6 time bigger.
45,000 / 5.8 = 8000 galaxies in equivalent patch (1sf)
25,000 Galaxies counted in this image data 6.7 arc minutes wide image.
25000 / 6.7^2 *2.5^2 = 3500 galaxies in equivalent patch (2sf) see image
Average for 2 of James Webb's images = (8+3.5)/2= 5800 =6000 (1sf) galaxies average
Hubble : ultra deep field 10,000 and deep filed 2000 average = 6000
So amazingly : James Webb confirms Hubble's estimate of number of galaxies as same = 2*10^22
You may object that this is double the result in the book, however no one is looking at the ‘2’ it is the order of magnitude that we are aiming to approximate. We are hoping our 1 patch out of 35 million is close to typical with little data to compare it with. Under normal circumstances this level of rough extrapolation would not be acceptable in science (taking a sample size of just a few out of a population of 35 million). Although now it is many patches are repeated twice for Hubble and many times for James Web with bigger patches)
Non uniform distribution of galaxies and potentially un-observable galaxies may distort this result. Similarly, as oceans have shifted, the sand on the seashore could include different amounts of land in the past compared to now. Our estimates are all based on rough averages. Did God include the sand in the deserts? (Probably not.) We also have to use a rough average for the depth of sand and size of a grain of sand.
When these numbers were first calculated they were the same. Anti-Christian voices were horrified in their equality and quick to focus on more recent larger estimates of the number of stars having seen further using the James Webb.
However, we could more accurately state that the number of stars and sand both are of the order of magnitude of 10 to the power of 22 plus or minus one or two. Once in eternity one day we will find out that they were exactly the same as God, who created them both, promised.
If the size is 100 times larger or smaller in no way changes the revelation that we will each have a massive empire to rule. If instead of 10,000 billion each it turns out to be 100 times smaller that is 100 billion, at this stage we can barely grasp that except to say a leader of such a massive nation is like a King!
Calculating the number of Grains of Sand
Method 1
Number of Grains of sand = 4 /3*∏*(R3 -(R-D)3) /V*P/100
Where
R is the radius of the earth 6400KM (2sf)
D is the average depth of sand at the seashore = 2m (1sf)
V is the average volume of a single grain of sand 0.033mm3= 4*10-12 m3
(taking average diameter of seashore sand as 0.2mm)
P is the percentage of the earth that is covered by sand on the sea shore 1/3 of 8% of earths land *0.29 (land % of surface) / 200 (1/3 of the beaches are sandy)=3.8E-5
(again admittly these figures are approximations – all we are calculating is the approx. magnitude of the answer)
This is coast line not beach. Beach is 50m coastal wildlife area 10 km so take 1/200th
The formula comes from the volume of a sphere and considering a sphere within a sphere. The volume of the yellow (sand) would be calculated by subtracting the volume of the small blue sphere (radius R-D) from the volume of the large sphere (Radius R):
The diagram shows the whole earth covered in sand so you multiply by P the percent of the earth’s surface that is at the sandy seashore.
Number of Grains of sand = 4 /3*∏*(R3 -(R-D)3) /V*P/100
=4/3*3.14*(6400,000m^3-(6400,000m-2)^3)/4E-12*3.8E-5
= 9.8*10^21
= 10^22 (nearest power of 10)
Method 2 Much More Accurate:
Use the total length of all sandy beaches in the world:
Total length =360,000 Km (source CIA)
Average width = 50m and depth 2m
Estimates of the diameter of a grain of sand vary: 0.4 mm 0.5mm 0.06-2mm for general sand , sea shore sand in California 0.1mm! I took weighted average of 0.2mm diameter for grains of sand at seashore. (note 1) Over time man’s estimates have also varied.
Diameter of average grain of sand = 0.2 mm => radius = 0.1mm
=> volume = 4/3*3.14*(0.1/1000)3 m3 = 4*10-12m3 (1)
Working in meters:
Total volume of sand = 360,000,000m*50m*2m
=3.6 *1010 m3 (2)
Total number of grains of sand on seashore = (2) / (1)
=8.6*10^21
= 10^22 (to the nearest power of 10)
Note 1: again estimates vary a lot and all that is important is magnitude.
We can better say number of grains of sand on seashore is 10 to the power of 22 plus or minus 1 or 2.
Last Excel Page 85
I have used excel dozens of times to calculate the final population of people in the Millennium. I did more complex models that the simple one shown in the book. I took the cumulative total of all the people that lived including the gentiles. Though the final figures varied enormously the magnitude did not. Obviously, the number of generations and the number of children the millennial couples have are speculations / estimates. However, even taking everything as minimal: 25 generations, 5 children each would give a billion resurrected believers a million people for each of their kingdoms! This is still enough to be called reigning! The leader of a million people is still a King. However, due to no birth control, no labour pains, no poverty but abounding prosperity, long life spans, no demons, but instead the Lord present, and being Jewish with the promise of Abraham in operation i can not believe the average number of children is as low as this (5). Probably more like 15! I have used 10. We know that God is true and that the final population will be the same as the number of stars and sand.
Especially for those who bought the Audible version of this book and could not see the diagrams:
How to Use Excel to do the calculations Yourself
Here is One I did Earlier:
Simplifying Premillennialism
(For audible book purchasers here is the start of chapter 9)
Outline of Pre-millennialism Arguments
Q1 Is The 1000 Years Real?
- No: (A-millennialism)
- Counter Arguments (numbered for quick cross reference).
- Yes: real
Q2 Is Jesus 2nd Coming Before or After the Millennium
- Before: (Pre-millennialism)
- Counter arguments
- After: (Post-millennialism)
And finally, we will look at the most common objection to pre-millennialism:
The 1000 Year Gap Between Two Future Resurrections
Are There Two Future Resurrections or One?
